The inferior gluteal artery is the larger of the two terminal branches of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. It descends behind the internal pudendal artery, pierces the pelvic fascia, and passes between the first and second or second and third sacral nerves. It leaves the pelvis through the lower part of the greater sciatic foramen, lying behind and lateral to the internal pudendal artery. Within the pelvis, it lies upon the pyriformis muscle and the sacral plexus, and gives off' branches to the pyriformis, coccygeus, and levator ani muscles, to the rectum, and to the base and neck of the bladder, the seminal vesicles, and the prostate gland. It appears in the buttock between the pyriformis and the gemellus superior muscles. In the gluteal region it descends upon the obturator internus tendon and gemelli muscles lying on the medial side or posterior surface of the sciatic nerve with which it descends. It is a short trunk. In this region, it gives off the coccygeal, muscular, articular, anastomotic, cutaneous, and arteria comes nervi ischiatici. These branches are described with the gluteal region.

Arteria glutea inferior

Artère glutéale inférieure